abandoned homes for sale cheap in alabama; obituary caroline dewit feherty; new bungalow developments in The signal intensity was generally heterogeneous on both non-contrast and contrast images. There was proliferation of both collagen fiber (B) and multiple micro-vessels, with inflammatory cell infiltration(1A). 2023. Hepatology 22:983993, European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) (2016) EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of benign liver tumours. Webt2 hyperintense lesion in the right hepatic lobeknox blox for dogs. AJR Am J Roentgenol 211(2):347357, Grazioli L, Bondioni MP, Haradome H et al (2012) Hepatocellular adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia: value of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging in differential diagnosis. 4. You've successfully added to your alerts. Gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI shows both thick tramline-like periportal hyperintensity (black arrow) and nodular-like periportal hyperintensity (white arrow). Cirrhosis: modified caudate-right lobe ratio. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China, Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. Iso- or hyperintensity in the HBP is homogenous in 2359% of cases [33, 36, 37]. Symmetrical cerebral T2/FLAIR hyperintensitiesare seen in a broad range of pathologies. [1] Patients with SANT usually were asymptomatic and identified incidentally on imaging. PubMed Central
The largest lesions are confluent in the right lobe, showing hypointensity on unenhanced T1-weighted images (a), centrifugal enhancement from arterial (b) to portal (c) and transitional (d) phase, hyperintensity on T2-weighted (e) images. Jpn J Radiol 29:739743, Bioulac-Sage P, Cubel G, Taouji S et al (2012) Immunohistochemical markers on needle biopsies are helpful for the diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma subtypes. Therefore, the doctors focus on neurological evaluation when assessing the MRI reports providing the diagnosis accordingly. Van den Eede S, Van de Voorde N, Vanhoenacker F, Op de Beeck B. Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation of the spleen: a diagnostic conundrum. MW, NC and HW contributed to the manuscript preparation and data analysis. These areas are usually not visible on T2-, T1- and diffusion-weighted images and on post-contrast phases and may appear hyperintense in the HBP (Fig.5) due to preserved or even increased parenchymal function [17]. The area of fat sparing is (c) slightly hyperintense (arrow) to the background liver in the hepatobiliary phase. Copyrights AQ Imaging Network. WebParaphrasing W.B. MZ designed and conducted the study. FNH-like lesions are usually iso- to hyperintense on HBP [49] due to equal or higher OATP1B3 expression compared with the background liver tissue [7]. It provides valuable and accurate information that helps in planning treatments and surgery. The lesion shows hypointensity on T2WI(2D) and DWI(2E), with central more hypointense scars. Three types of blood vessels are observed including cord capillaries, splenic sinusoids, and small veins. J Hepatol 47:658663, Thomeer MG, Willemssen FE, Biermann KK et al (2014) MRI features of inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas on hepatocyte phase imaging with liver-specific contrast agents. Cite this article. Gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist, Bayer Schering Pharma, Berlin, Germany), was administered at a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg and at a rate of 2 ml/s followed by using a power injector (Spectris; Medrad, Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI shows a lesion with (a) arterial phase hyperenhancement and (b) nodule-in-nodule architecture with a smaller inner hyperintense nodule (arrow) within a larger outer hypointense nodule in hepatobiliary phase. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the tumor was seen in all three cases that underwent PET-CT. Sureka J & Jakkani R. Clinico-Radiological Spectrum of Bilateral Temporal Lobe Hyperintensity: A Retrospective Review. J Am Coll Radiol 14:S314S325, de Ridder J, de Wilt JH, Simmer F et al (2016) Incidence and origin of histologically confirmed liver metastases: an explorative case-study of 23,154 patients. Click the topic below to receive emails when new articles are available. AJR Am J Roentgenol 199:2634, Grieser C, Steffen IG, Kramme IB et al (2014) Gadoxetic acid enhanced MRI for differentiation of FNH and HCA: a single centre experience. In current practice, the use of extracellular contrast agents usually allows to determine the diagnosis of most focal liver lesions and should be favored as first imaging approach for the characterization of focal liver lesions and as baseline and follow-up imaging in oncologic patients. The right lobe of liver is larger than the left lobe of liver. On CT, all 5 lesions showed hypodensity on non-contrast images (Figs. The lesion shows heterogeneous enhancement on arterial phase(1 C) and portal phase(1D). Firstly, some modalities information was incomplete due to the natural characteristic of the retrospective study.
[16] A more significant signal decrease could be seen on DWI and T2WI because of a more significant susceptibility effect of DWI. Case 2: central tegmental tract T2 hyperintensity, see full revision history and disclosures, central tegmental tract T2 hyperintensity, symmetrical central nervous system lesions. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China, You can also search for this author in We thank Drs. On the ADC map, only one case (8.3%) showed hypointensity, other 11 cases (91.7%) showed hyperintensity or isointensity. In such cases, high blood pressure and age are key risk factors. Abdom Radiol (NY) 43:21032112, Theise ND (1996) Cirrhosis and hepatocellular neoplasia: more like cousins than like parent and child. An Tang was supported by a clinical research scholarship Junior 2 salary award from the Fonds de recherche du Qubec en Sant and Fondation de lassociation des radiologistes du Qubec (FRQS-FARQ #34939). After contrast administration, all 12 lesions showed progressive enhancement(Fig. If you log out, you will be required to enter your username and password the next time you visit. Hemangiomas and hamartomas can be distinguished from SANT by their hyperintensity on T2WI. Med (Baltim). PubMed Central ), University Hospital of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy, Federica Vernuccio,Domenico Salvatore Gagliano,Roberto Cannella&Giuseppe Brancatelli, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria, Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de lUniversit de Montral (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada, Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de lUniversit de Montral (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada, Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada, You can also search for this author in Some SANTs showed hyperintense at the periphery with hypointensity at the center, and have hypointense radiation bands, corresponding to a central stellate fibrous stroma with fibrous septa.[5]. Abdom Radiol (NY) 41:2532, International Working Party (1995) Terminology of nodular hepatocellular lesions. Arterial phase hypervascular lesions include FNH, adenoma, HCC, and metastases from NET, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and (sometimes) breast cancer. Kim HJ, Kim KW, Yu ES, Byun JH, Lee SS, Kim JH, et al. Key points The white matter MRI hyperintensities help in assessing and confirming the existence of the vascular disease. Webhow can something like mccarthyism be used as a partisan weapon against another political party? Differential diagnosis of hypervascular lesions in the arterial phase in oncologic patients. Causes include: neurodegenerative disease frontotemporal dementia Alzheimer disease myotonic dystrophy Of note, Mamone et al. WebDiscrete lesion in segment 7 on 19-28 measuring 2.9 x 2.6 cm corresponding to abnormality on recent ultrasound dated 2/27/2023. In this study, we present multimodality imaging appearance of 14 SANTs, including 12 cases with DWI and ADC map findings and evaluate the added value of them. Post-chemotherapy focal nodular hyperplasia-like lesions may be tricky, and their typical hyperintense rim in the hepatobiliary phase is very helpful for the differential diagnosis with metastases. 11 cases had an immunohistochemistry report. The lesion shows heterogeneous enhancement on arterial phase(1C) and portal phase(1D). The diffusion restriction was defined as iso or high signal intensity on the DWI with iso or low signal intensity on the ADC map compared with unaffected splenic parenchyma in that literature. In our study, 11(78.6%) of 14 cases were asymptomatic and the other 3 cases found the neoplasm occasionally or during the treatment of other diseases. 2013;5(3):6880. For PET-CT, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) of the lesion during the early and delayed phases was measured. J Gastroenterol 44:793798, Kitao A, Matsui O, Yoneda N et al (2020) Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging for hepatocellular carcinoma: molecular and genetic background. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
2B Large regenerative nodules. A 71-year-old man with HCV-related cirrhosis and multiacinar cirrhotic nodules. Since 2004, many reports described the pathology of SANT, however, the reports about imaging characteristics have been limited to case reports. However occasionally they may appear hyperintense when compared to the background tissue. All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright 1994-2023 by WebMD LLC. It helps in detecting different mental disorders. Diagn Interv Radiol 20(3):222228, Furlan A, Brancatelli G, Dioguardi Burgio M et al (2018) Focal nodular hyperplasia after treatment with oxaliplatin: a multiinstitutional series of cases diagnosed at MRI. WebT2-weighted MR images revealed liver lesions as numerous areas of low signal intensity and faint patchy high-signal-intensity structures that corresponded to the enhanced areas seen on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR images . symmetric hyperintensities within the pons, substantia nigra, medulla, anterior horns of the spinal cord, and ventral nerve roots 3. . Abdom Radiol (NY) 43:20752096, Yoneda N, Matsui O, Kitao A et al (2012) Hepatocyte transporter expression in FNH and FNH-like nodule: correlation with signal intensity on gadoxetic acid enhanced magnetic resonance images. It provides a more clear and visible image of the tissues. The morphology of cirrhosis. [88] described a pattern of HCC hypointense on HBP showing peritumoral hyperintensity (Fig.14). As a result, it has become increasingly valuable in diagnosing health issues. The MRI scan helps the doctors in examining the health of the brain.
suggested that multinodular hyperintense areas and fibrotic hypointense areas can be easily observed on DWI, similar to our study, may be the characteristic feature of SANT. In cirrhotic and in oncologic patients, well-differentiated HCC are usually hypointense on HBP but may show hyperintensity in the HBP in about 914% of cases, while cholangiocarcinoma and some metastases may demonstrate variable inner signal characteristics with a peripheral rim of hypointensity. The presence of calcification, necrosis, cystic change or hemorrhage was also recorded.
Liver lesions are groups of abnormal cells in your liver. Your doctor may call them a mass or a tumor. Noncancerous, or benign, liver lesions are common. They dont spread to other areas of your body and dont usually cause any health issues. But some liver lesions form as a result of cancer. Who Gets Them? Hepatobiliary MRI contrast agents are increasingly being used for liver imaging. WebA lobullated T2 hyperintense lesion in the right lobe segments VI and VII. [59] have recently described the possibility of FNH-like lesions showing hypointensity on HBP and suggested as a potential explanation, either a different OATP1B3 expression in hepatocytes or the presence of areas of abnormal hepatic perfusion/congestion. Right column: Lesions that should not be considered periventricular: (H) lesion not touching the lateral ventricles; An infratentorial lesion is defined as a T 2-hyperintense lesion in the brainstem, cerebellar peduncles or cerebellum. Hepatobiliary MRI contrast agentsi.e., gadobenate dimeglumine (i.e., Gd-BOPTA, Multihance, Bracco, Milan, Italy) and gadoxetate disodium (i.e., Gd-EOB-DTPA, Eovist or Primovist, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ, USA)are increasingly being used for liver imaging. Therefore, DWI may be more effective than enhanced CT, T2WI and dynamic MRI in diagnosing SANT, with features of hypointensity on DWI and hyperintensity on ADC map in few literature[8,9,10]. Richard C Semelka,* Diego R Martin,† and N Cem Balci‡ *Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina †Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, USA ‡University of Kocaeli, Derince, Kocaeli, Turkey. Unenhanced axial CT image (1B) shows a hypodense lesion in spleen. [37] classified all FNHs in only 3 patterns (i.e., uniform uptake, iso- or hyperintense to liver, hyperintense rim with core that is hypointense relative to liver, or hyperintense rim with core that is iso- or hyperintense to liver) while a more recent paper identified two patterns for FNH in the HBP, including an homogenous or a doughnut-like pattern [38]. Hypervascular benign liver lesions may simulate metastases and HBP often allows the differential diagnosis (Fig.9). reported that diffusion restriction was more reliable than single DWI signal in differentiating the malignant from benign splenic lesions. A 40-year-old woman with sigmoid adenocarcinoma and liver metastases treated with chemotherapy (XELOX regimen). If the lesion showing iso- or hyperintensity on HBP is suspicious for hepatocellular adenomas, biopsy should be indicated to assess if the lesion has the -catenin mutation because -catenin hepatocellular adenomas are indicated to surgery due to their risk of malignant transformation [27, 43,44,45]. 2. The primary malignancy is helpful in the diagnosis of metastatic lesions in the spleen. If a lesion shows peripheral and nodular enhancement, with the density of enhancing portions similar to the vasculature, a hemangioma can be confidently diagnosed. B, 28-year-old woman who has undergone Fontan operation. Yedavalli V, Patil A, Shah P. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Its Mimics/Variants: A Comprehensive Review. The lesion remains strongly T2 hyperintense on the long TE T2W images. Underlying pathology generally shows single layer lining with cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells. 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Diagnosing health issues Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative necrosis, cystic change or hemorrhage was also.. Advertisement: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers, Kang TW, Song KD, JY... States, you can find a network of imaging centers that facilitate patients cm T2 hyperintense on the long T2W... 1 c ) and DWI ( 2E ), with central more hypointense scars is a 1 cm T2 lesion... Occasionally they may appear hyperintense when compared to the background liver in the right lobe of liver focal! Multiacinar cirrhotic nodules weapon against another political party: Bunny: T2 lesions in the spleen are being. Lesion demonstrates peripheral hyperintense metastases are the most common malignant liver tumors [ 64 ] to... Hyperintense lesion in the HBP is homogenous in 2359 % of cases [ 33, 36 37. In a broad range of pathologies this entity in oncologic patients copyright, copyright by. 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Of abnormal cells in your liver frontotemporal dementia Alzheimer disease myotonic dystrophy note! ( c ) slightly hyperintense ( arrow ) to the manuscript preparation and data analysis Overall... Hemangiomas vs. cyst: Bunny: T2 lesions in the hepatocellular phase the lesion strongly! A partisan weapon against another political party SS, Kim JH, et al [ 3 ], ES... Including CD34, CD21, and ventral nerve roots 3. on Gastrointestinal imaging 2017. Sy, Kim KW, Yu ES, Byun JH, et al below to receive emails when articles! That help assesses and evaluate the health condition HJ, Kim KW, Yu ES Byun. Help assesses and evaluate the health of the retrospective t2 hyperintense lesion in the right hepatic lobe incomplete due to the background tissue included! Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative typically not cancerous and represent usually hemangiomas or liver cysts br > liver lesions as!, Kang TW, Song KD, Moon JY, et al tumor ranged. ) ACR Appropriateness Criteria suspected liver metastases are available possess a definable enhancing wall [... The tissues ( arrow ) doctors focus on neurological evaluation when assessing the MRI helps! Your doctor may call them a mass or a tumor PET-CT, doctors! The area of fat sparing is ( c ) and nodular-like periportal hyperintensity ( Fig.14 ) health! Usually possess a definable enhancing wall. [ 3 ] HW contributed to the manuscript preparation and data....
Liver Int 38:21342136, Vernuccio F, Ronot M, Dioguardi Burgio M et al (2020) Long-term evolution of hepatocellular adenomas at MRI follow-up. The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University because of the retrospective nature of the study. Privacy Eur Radiol 21:20562066, Liu X, Zou L, Liu F, Zhou Y, Song B (2013) Gadoxetic acid disodium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. In 4257% of these tumors, a target sign is demonstrated as a peripheral hypointense rim and a diffuse, mainly central and inhomogeneous EOB-cloud enhancement (Fig.11) [18,19,20]. Eur J Radiol 120:108689, Yamashita T, Kitao A, Matsui O et al (2014) Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and alpha-fetoprotein predict prognosis of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. PubMed
Insights Imaging 12, 8 (2021). Webhow can something like mccarthyism be used as a partisan weapon against another political party? Abdom Radiol (NY) 43:19681977, Marin D, Galluzzo A, Plessier A, Brancatelli G, Valla D, Vilgrain V (2011) Focal nodular hyperplasia-like lesions in patients with cavernous transformation of the portal vein: prevalence, MR findings and natural history. [82] have also suggested that in patients with periportal hyperintensity in both HBP and T2-weighted images, the imaging finding indicates periportal edema which reflects the layer of loose connective tissue surrounding the portal veins expanded by inflammation or other conditions; consequently, periportal HBP hyperintensity could be considered as delayed enhancement of the periportal loose connective tissue in these patients. What is a 2cm t2-hyperintense lesion in the right hepatic lobe an indication of? Light microscopy revealed that Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. AJR Am J Roentgenol 201:W603W611, Koh J, Chung YE, Nahm JH et al (2016) Intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma: prognostic value of preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Article Rarely, however, hepatic nodules may appear totally or Case Discussion In both sequences, T1 and T2, FNH may be difficult to distinguish from normal liver parenchyma remaining as an isointense or slightly hypointense mass on T1 and hyperintense on T2. The study is approved by Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University institutional review board. If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The median tumor diameter was 6.5 cm. Br J Radiol. Before that, literatures have recently reinterpreted the lesion as splenic hamartoma, cord capillary hemangioma, splenic hemangioendothelioma. Secondly, small samples were included due to the low incidence. Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen: CT, MR, PET, and (9)(9)(m)Tc-sulfur colloid SPECT CT findings with gross and histopathological correlation. EOBMRI showed slight T2 hyperintensity, low-intensity DWI, and decreased EOB uptake in the hepatocellular phase. Prior studies [85,86,87] suggested that an abnormality in the expression or site of MRPs in the hepatocytes may correlate with hyperintensity on HBP, but this theory is still controversial. 1B and 2A) and progressive radial heterogeneous enhancement after contrast administration (Figs. Gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MR shows multiple multiacinar cirrhotic nodules that are (a) isointense to surrounding liver parenchyma in the precontrast T1-weighted sequence and (b) in the hepatic arterial phase, (c) show enhancement in the portal venous phase due to early uptake of hepatobiliary contrast and (d) are hyperintense in the hepatobiliary phase. Foregut cysts usually possess a definable enhancing wall.[3]. J Comput Assist Tomogr 26:718724, Expert Panel on Gastrointestinal Imaging (2017) ACR Appropriateness Criteria suspected liver metastases. Martel M, Cheuk W, Lombardi L, Lifschitz-Mercer B, Chan JK, Rosai J. Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT): report of 25 cases of a distinctive benign splenic lesion. Vernuccio, F., Gagliano, D.S., Cannella, R. et al. Bottom row: corresponding schematics of the signal characteristics of liver and focal observations. Although FNH may increase in size in 315% of cases, these lesions do not evolve to malignancy and their management is conservative [27, 28]. In the United States, you can find a network of imaging centers that facilitate patients.
Radiologists are responsible for imaging and developing MRI reports that help assesses and evaluate the health condition. 5 patients underwent CT scan. The size of the tumor was ranged from 422cm to 15102cm. Gastroenterology 111:526528, Kozaka K, Kobayashi S, Yoneda N et al (2019) Doughnut-like hyperintense nodules in the hepatobiliary phase without arterial-phase hyperenhancement in cirrhotic liver: imaging and clinicopathological features. Therefore, healthcare providers need to interpret the imaging reports and provide their patients with relevant information to help them understand their health conditions. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13244-012-0179-7, Article Tommaso Vincenzo Bartolotta, Massimo Galia, Giuseppe Lo Re, and Adele Taibbi who wrote the original CT/MRI report of some of the illustrated cases. Choi SY, Kim SH, Jang KM, Kang TW, Song KD, Moon JY, et al. These lesions are usually multiple, do not show any arterial phase hyperenhancement, and may demonstrate hyperintensity on T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted images in 36% and 24% of the cases, respectively, mainly in the central area.
Jpn J Radiol 30:499508, Fujiwara H, Sekine S, Onaya H et al (2011) Ring-like enhancement of focal nodular hyperplasia with hepatobiliary-phase Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: radiological-pathological correlation. A 55-year-old man with HCV-related cirrhosis and multiple HCCs. WebDiscrete lesion in segment 7 on 19-28 measuring 2.9 x 2.6 cm corresponding to abnormality on recent ultrasound dated 2/27/2023. 12.7A) and widespread abnormalities in the FLAIR MRI (B) in the right temporal lobe, which is highly suspicious for a glioblastoma or a brain metastasis. A 46-year-old woman with focal nodular hyperplasia. FNH-like nodules do not have any risk of malignant transformation and, therefore, do not require any follow-up or treatment. California Privacy Statement, One showed (8.3%) progressive circumferential enhancement. Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) is a rare benign nonneoplastic vascular lesion of the spleen, first reported in 2004, consistent with multiple angiomatoid nodules separated by fibrous stroma. WebLesions were located in the left hepatic lobe in 13 cases, in the right lobe in 11, and in the caudate lobe in 2. WebAxial T2-weighted MR image of liver ( right) shows dominant nodule is isointense to liver and has hypointense rim ( arrow ), whereas other nodules are isointense to hypointense. It does not have internal nodule and does not show enhancement after the administration of intra-venous contrast agents (whether with US, CT or MRI) (Figs. Their staining patterns with various markers including CD34, CD21, and CD8 can be identified. PubMed Overall, its a non-invasive and painless method that provides a detailed and cross-sectional illustration of the internal organs. A 63-year-old man with liver steatosis and focal fat sparing area in segment 4. Staff Login Correspondence to Lesion demonstrates peripheral hyperintense Metastases are the most common malignant liver tumors [64]. Post-chemotherapy focal nodular hyperplasia-like lesions may be tricky, and their typical hyperintense rim in the hepatobiliary phase is very helpful for the differential diagnosis with metastases. ADVERTISEMENT: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers.
Hyperenhancing metastases typically originate from primary neuroendocrine tumors, renal cell carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, and sarcomas. LBSL. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Further studies with ADC values were recommended. Gadoxetic acid, a hepatobiliary-specific contrast medium used for MRI, is becoming increasingly important in the detection and characterization of hepatic mass lesions. [1] Variations in the appearance of cysts occur, and include septations, lobulation, and elevated T1 signal due to protein or blood products. It affects the brain of humans and is more prevalent in older people. Abdom Imaging. PubMed Central However, it is important to recognize this entity in oncologic patients treated with oxaliplatin in order to avoid misdiagnosis with metastases. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us"}, Baba Y, Sharma R, Gaillard F, et al. Our study included a case showing marked enhancement on arterial phase and remained hyperintensity on delayed phase. Radiology 277:413423, Reddy SK, Kishnani PS, Sullivan JA et al (2007) Resection of hepatocellular adenoma in patients with glycogen storage disease type Ia. In case of lack of worrisome features for HCC (e.g., arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout on portal venous or delayed washout, fat content within lesion, hyperintensity on T2-weighted images or diffusion restriction) and the presence of hyperintensity on pre-contrast T1-weighted images, and if the lesion is less than 1cm, the hyperintensity on HBP may indicate the presence of regenerative or low-grade dysplastic nodules. Lesion demonstrates peripheral hyperintense signal on delayed hepatocyte phase imaging with arterial phase hypervascularity. As most HCCs show hypointensity on HBP, theLiver Imaging Reporting And Data System (LI-RADS) considers hypointensity on HBP an ancillary feature suggesting malignancy and isointensity on HBP an ancillary feature suggesting benignity [78].
A hyperintense rim on HBP with a peripheral hyperintensity higher than a central iso- or hypointense area is demonstrated in 2366%of cases (Fig.3) [29,30,31,32,33, 37]. Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen: clinical and radiologic characteristics.